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Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is a highly sensitive method enabling the detection of low-abundance targets in fluorescent immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (FISH) applications. Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) process involves the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the deposition of fluorophore tyramides on and near a target protein or nucleic acid sequence in situ. In the presence of low concentrations of H2O2, HRP is able to convert a labeled tyramide substrate into a highly reactive form that can covalently bind to tyrosine residues on proteins at or near the HRP. This generates high density tyramide labeling and is the reason for the exceptional sensitivity of this system.
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Figure 1. Illustration of the tyramide signal amplification system.
Figure 2. Multiplex tyramide labeling of FFPE tissues.
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